Utilization of Pila ampullacea shell powder as a sustainable natural coagulant for domestic wastewater treatment
Keywords:
eco-friendly, maximum, biodegradability, sustainability, shellAbstract
The increasing volume of domestic wastewater, driven by rapid urbanization and industrial activities, has necessitated the exploration of sustainable treatment methods. Conventional chemical coagulants, such as alum and ferric chloride, are effective but pose environmental and economic challenges, including toxicity and sludge management issues. This study evaluates Pila ampullacea shell powder, a natural coagulant rich in calcium carbonate, as an eco-friendly alternative for domestic wastewater treatment. Using a jar test, the performance of the shell powder in reducing turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS) was assessed across doses ranging from 1 to 5 g/L and compared to alum and ferric chloride. Results showed that turbidity removal increased from 28% at 1 g/L to 61% at 5 g/L, while COD and TSS reductions reached 51% and 66%, respectively, at the maximum dose. Although its performance was lower than conventional coagulants, the biodegradability and sustainability of Pila ampullacea shell powder make it a promising solution for regions with abundant shell waste and limited access to chemical coagulants. This study highlights the potential of Pila ampullacea shell powder as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative, with scope for further optimization and integration into treatment systems.
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